In the continuous steelmaking process, three contiguous vessels connect the electric arc furnace (EAF) with the continuous casting process. They replace current batch ladle operations. The vessels are designed for fast, near-equilibrium reactions to ensure a large degree of control, productivity, and flexibility. They will also reduce maintenance in the oxidizing conditions of the EAF and the oxidizer, and in the reducing conditions of the reducer and finisher. The use of two vessels in series with similar near-equilibrium conditions allows for optimum refining and minimizes variations in fluid flow and composition (chemistry, inclusion). therefore it contributes to the reliability and flexibility of the process.