Process integration is an analytical approach that can be applied to optimize the selection or modification of manufacturing steps and of interconnections within the goal of minimizing resource use. Pinch analysis is one of widely used process integration techniques. Pinch analysis uses a systematic approach to identify and correct the performance-limited constraint (or pinch) in any manufacturing environment. The critical innovation in the pinch analysis was the development of "composite curves" for heating and cooling which represent the overall heat energy demand and availability profiles for the process in general. When the two composite curves of heat and cooling are drawn on a temperature-enthylpy graph, they indicate the location of process pinch and the minimum thermodynamic and heating requirements. They are called energy targets.