Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) can be used at cement plants to substitute fossil fuels.  In most cases, this also offers a better waste management alternative as the temperatures and retention times in the cement kiln are high enough to eliminate problems, such as those related to dioxins and furans.  

In order to be effectively utilsed as alternative fuel, burnable waste needs to be collected, sorted and size adjusted (In most of the developed countries, such activities are the responsibility of local municipalities or governments).  Depending on the characteristics of the RDF and plant design, this RDF can then be fed into the kiln or the calciner.  It needs to be noted that certain constituents, such as chlorine, needs to be controlled in order to avoid adverse impacts on the product quality and production processes.